Regroove Fitness

by Wellness Coach Dan Ma

The Art of JKD Certification

Jeet Kune Do Certification

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  • Jeet Kune Do Certification

What is Jeet Kune Do? You could say that Bruce Lee created his style of fighting that is his interpretation of Wing Chun mixed with elements of fencing, and Western boxing.

I have over 25 years of experience in belt-less systems. As I embark into becoming a fitness trainer, I feel grateful to have a specialization I believe in.

“I’m not telling you it is going to be easy – I’m telling you it’s going to be worth it.”

Arthur L. Williams, Jr.

The Art of JKD Online Training by Octavio Quintero

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In addition to training in-person with Sifu Octavio Quintero since 2018, we just released a soft launch of his online Jeet Kune Do instructional series. I am excited to be enrolled into his online training to get certified in his program. Below is my progress. This would be the 3rd time I’ve studied JKD by video. This time is different as most of the material has already been covered by Octavio either by group class or by private instruction. It is also a kick to be in some of the training material. To be in a rather small part of Bruce Lee’s martial art legacy is something that I am grateful to be a part of. The great benefit, other than fulfilling a requisite to becoming a mentor in the program, is that am learning the art by a linear progression and there are details that I might have missed in past in-person instructions.

To be certified in The Art of JKD you have to fulfill two requirements:

  1. Completion of a level in The Art of JKD Online Training series
  2. Evaluation

For more information please see “How do I become a Mentor?“.

Level 1

On-guard position or ready stance, is the foundation that allows you to move freely and with stability. Octavio shows the footwork in how to explosively close the distance on an opponent. Octavio also teaches in detail how to use JKD’s main striking tools with superior footwork. In level 1 you will not only learn how to explosively fire-off strikes, but also how to set up for rapid-continuous strikes against an assailant.

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Section 1

  1. Start Overview: The on-guard Position starts with your feet together and knees slightly bent. Step your lead foot into the 12 o’clock position almost like you’re mimicking a sprinter’s stride. The rear foot’s heal is slightly off the ground. Knees are bent. Pelvis is pressed forward (lower spine is straight). Now pivot to the 11 o’clock (feet are pointing to 11 o’clock position). As your feet and body is pointing to 11 o’clock, your head/face is still pointing at 12 o’clock. Notice your knees are protecting your groin. Your elbows are slightly tucked in to protect your rib cage. Relax and pretend your have springs: 1. underneath your rear foot’s heal, and 2. between each elbow and rib cage. Your spine also has a springiness to it. Your body is ready to launch.
  2. Leads: Switching Leads Drill: imagine stepping on the points of a triangle. Switching the foot leads also changes the lead hands. You should be good at both sides. The head should not go up and down as you change stances. Remain balanced and relaxed.
  3. Time Under Tension: 2 sets of push ups & static squats. 20 second duration.
  4. The Shuffle: From the on-guard stance, first move your rear foot forward, then move your lead foot forward. Vice versa to move back. You can make small movements and you can make big movements. When making bigger movements your feet can “replace” each others position for a brief moment in time. The Advance Shuffle (push shuffle) in two parts: From the on-guard stance, first move your lead foot forward, then let your rear foot “come along for the ride” or slide forward. The Advance Shuffle (push shuffle) in one motion: pick up your lead foot off the ground and with your rear foot push off the ground and launch yourself forward. Use can use this footwork in any direction.
  5. Maintaining Distance: This is a partnered drill to understand range while increasing footwork agility. Moving in a “mirrored” fashion, pay attention to distance and timing (broken rhythm).
  6. Cross Punch: The key is torque in your waist movements, but it starts from the ground and moves up the body. While your cross moves forward, your lead moves back to your body, this paradox or opposing forces creates powerful cross. Focus on crisp movements and coming back into the on-guard position. Also use broken rhythm.
  7. Side Step Attacks: This segment teaches the side-step. Same principles apply from the push shuffle. This section also covers the C-Step: Use your rear foot and move it in a “C” shape so you can pivot on your lead foot to change your direction. The rear foot slides in a half circle in a way that the rear foot comes closer to the lead foot , then moves away.
  8. Mirroring: The same principals as “Maintaining Distance”.
  9. Lead Strike: You need to rotate your hips, but torque is subtle. Good recoiling will create clean and crisp movement.
  10. Lead Punching Training: The jab uses the pivoting of the feet that helps generate torquing of the waist for power. The path of the fist is a short elliptical return.
  11. Advance Cross: Push shuffle with a cross. Bring the cross up. Imagine there is a link between your elbow and your rib cage, and when the link has come to its full extension, the cross pulls the whole body forward as you push shuffle.
  12. Rear Cross Counter: Learn to side step in side with a cross. It is best to side-step to the outside of your opponent. Synchronize the movement with your lead foot with your cross, and the recover of the cross and your rear foot. In other words, hit while you start your side step, and recover as you are completing the side-step.
  13. Perfecting Strikes 1: Octavio prefers the vertical punch to be slightly turned in (knuckles slightly rotated facing up). There is a “shearing” effect or a recoil of the other hand. The hands share an opposite relationship that helps deliver a whip-like strike.
  14. Push Attack: This is a lead strike with a push shuffle. Octavio uses the imagery of the cross initiating the movement as if the cross helps push the lead hand into action.
  15. Straight Kick: These kicks can be fired from any where and in any position, no mater what is the lead or rear. From the on-guard position, your rear leg comes forward to “replace” the lead leg, then lead leg can come up. As you kick tilt your pelvis and drop your weight with your arms.

Section 2

  1. Leg Stretches: Do these after a good warm up: Standing calf & hamstring reach, standing bent over toe touches, side lunge stretches, sitting forward bend toe touches.
  2. Neutral Kick: How to use the straight kick while standing in a natural position. There is a greater emphasis in tilting the pelvis forward, sinking your weight, and activating you abs. After the kick makes impact, the kicking leg immediately drops to the ground to set up for the next strike. As you kick one arm can drop down to help the core contraction.
  3. Quick Replace: From the on-guard position, place your rear leg right next to your lead leg. Very similar to the first shuffle, but the application can be for quick advancement to close the distance or to set up for a kick. For kicking application, incorporate the principals from the “Straight Kick”.
  4. Quick Recovery: In this section Octavio covers how to recover after a straight-kick. Pay close attention on how to recover after launching a strike. After launching a kick bring it back to your center–this is different than letting your kick drop to your opponent.
  5. The Blast: Relax and don’t let your shoulders rise. Start with one, progress to two, then three, and so forth.
  6. Training your Blast: Train the blast on a focus mitt. You can have the trainer call out the number of blasts (i.e. 1, 2, or 3).
  7. Forward Attack: Starting from an open squared stance (both feet at equal forward distance, no lead and no rear), right C-step forward, drive, “scoop”, and push shuffle. Once you have a good understanding of that, you can apply the blast to it.
  8. Blast Application: Use a side step to advance and blast
  9. Core Training 1: Start with a straight-arm plank on your fists, half push-up, down to the floor push-up, up half push-up, up to plank. Do this twice with two second tempo. Next do a straight blasts with an exaggerated twist. Next do bicycles on the floor. Back to straight blasts. Then finish with isolated push-ups.
  10. Side Step Kick: Typically side-stepping to the outside is better than the inside. Side-step to the outside of an on-coming attack (left cross), move your lead foot (right) to side-step, and as you do that launch a straight kick to the target without touching the ground–just immediately fire a strike after side-stepping with your stabilizing leg. Let your kicking foot land close to your target to close distance.
  11. Side Kick: First start with standing with your feet together, lift your leg, bending your knee out to your side, feet close to your knee, extend your let out while you lean back. You make impact with the bottom of your feet (heel). Bring the foot down and into your on-guard stance.
  12. Grounding: The side-kick is more powerful if you are grounded, which you can do by opening your hip by pivoting your stabilizing leg (point your foot out). Strength Training: hold onto a wall and do an isometric one-leg squat with a side-kick extended. Try to visualize your spine and extended leg as one straight line.
  13. Obstruct: Just raise your leg up and use your side-kick & grounding principles that we learned.
  14. The Pendulum: We will only use the forward pendulum and not the backward pendulum. The backward pendulum leaves your head vulnerable. The exercise: use the “quick replace” and externally pivot the rear leg close to your lead foot, then throw your lead hip and foot out. Your lead foot juts out on the ground leaving you in kind of a disco pose. Finish by returning. The longer your stance is the more reach, but it is much slower than a short stance. This exercise sharpens your kicking skills.
  15. The Stop Kick: This is a partner drill and requires street-hockey shin-guards. The kick is a side-kick to the knee or shin. The kicking leg extends like a stomp. Be careful with each other. Timing is key, try to strike the closest leg as it is about to touch the ground.

Section 3

  1. Steal Space: The first compound attack: Straight-lead kick & cross. Details: Push shuffle to a straight-kick, and let the leg drop down ahead of you (this and the push shuffle helps you “steal space”). When your kicking foot touches the ground, let your rear leg shuffle forward. Fire a cross. This can be a mitt drill. The dropping of the kick will help propel the cross.
  2. Scissoring Principle: Terminology that Octavio uses to describe how to get even more explosive power out of the compound attack as demonstrated in “Steal Space”. As Octavio push shuffles into the straight-kick he drops his weight and tilts his pelvis. This creates a grounding effect. Together with the proper grounding and relaxation, allows the kick to flow into the target.
  3. Rotational Power: Octavio emphasis rotational power from pivoting off of the feet that drives the twisting torque of the waist. Rotational power oscillates back and forth. Mitt drills uses a cross and lead.
  4. Core Training 2: Triceps extensions, lunges (12, 2, 3 o’clock), plyo push-ups (vary the hand width positions).
  5. Shifting: Combination of footwork. Similar to the “box” footwork he showed me in person. Use broken rhythm. Upper body stretching: stretch the forearms by pulling the fingers back, wrist rotations, arms across the chest stretches, open and close the fingers, arm rotations, and hip rotations.
  6. Compound Attack 1: Cross & Hook. The hook fires immediately after the cross. In other words, use the recoil after the cross for the hook. I would consider using the hook more as another cross as Octavio said to me before, “…your cutting a corner”. Perhaps adding an elliptical shape to the cross would make a tighter hook.
  7. Hook Acceleration: Hold out your cross, recoil your cross and fire your hook. Try to focus on making your recoil and cross as one explosive movement. As you get good at this, focus on the recoil after the hook. Then add another cross to this combo. Makes a good mitt drill.
  8. Heavy Bag: Start with a cross, side step to the other side (i.e. left cross, right side step) lead hook. Core training: lunges, lift & twist (sitting w/ legs off the ground and twisting at the waist left & right), floor bridges (up/down),
  9. Lead Hook Kick: Lean back and pivot on the rear foot, lift your lead knee up, spiral into the target to execute the kick making contact with the top part of the foot (where the shoe laces are). Key points is the amount of pivot on the rear leg, which contributes to the opening of the hip. The more open the hip is the more power you will get out of the kick. The kick to be delivered like a whip.
  10. Hook Kick Bag Work: The power is in the rotation of the hips. You can cross-step into the kick.
  11. Hook Kick & Distance: In this section Octavio brings together concepts from “The Pendulum”, “Hook Kick Bag Work”, and leaning back. In other words, “Quick replace” your rear foot to your lead foot, then drop and pivot (The Pendulum) to open your hips, next pick up your lead foot off the ground, rotate your hips (Hook Kick Bag Work), and fire. For the recovery borrow some force off of the object that you are kicking to bounce back to the on-guard position. If your recovery is slow then you will be open to getting hit. As a mitt drill have your partner try to touch your head after you kick. After your partner tries to touch your head, you can follow up with a low side kick.
  12. Perfecting Strikes 2: Octavio shows an exercise that is much like an incline one-arm push-up against a wall that focuses on opening up the elbow joint (versus using the shoulder). This exercise can be progressed to plyometricly. Octavio shows a mitt exercise that resembles throwing an imaginary baseball into the focus mitt. The focus is to generate powerful-explosive strikes with relaxation. Another exercise designed to help the hook-kick: using the wall to isometrically perform slow hook-kicks.
  13. Compound Attack 2: Combo: Hook-kick, then push-shuffle into the cross. Use counter balance. Hook-kick, drop the kick down to gain distance, push-shuffle into the cross.
  14. The Heel Kick: Make sure the knee and toes are pointing down to increase the striking power of the heel. You can use wall to make sure you have a straight body alignment. The rear foot works the same as the hook-kick. Drop the foot either at your center, or if you want to gain distance drop the foot close to your target. To gain even more distance place the rear foot behind the supporting foot.
  15. The Backfist: The strike delivers in a curve. It is considered a power-shot that fills a certain kind of void. It is like a reverse hook punch. Turn your body and drop your weight. Turning and torquing at the waist is key. Use an elliptical return. A hammer-fist is a variation of the back-fist. An exercise is to hold your open hand out then fire a back-fist. The back-fist can be very effective if an opponent suddenly has you on your outside. A short back-fist can be a very quick answer to a possible hook.

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Level 2

Leaves off exactly from where level 1 ends and does not leave anything out. In fact Level 2 builds on level 1 and introduces elements of Attack By Drawing, countering, combinations, and timing.

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Section 1

  1. ABD – Slip & Parry: Attack By Drawing. Essentially this is a pak sao with a slip. Best applied to the outside of a strike. I would prefer a parry with a simultaneous counter. Can be practiced in front of a mirror in the absence of a partner.
  2. ABD – Parry & Roll: To shoulder roll against a cross, you can first put your lead hand on your chest, and rotate inward. You can practice this by first a parry with the rear hand and follow up with a lead shoulder roll. This can also be practiced in front of a mirror in the absence of a partner.
  3. ABD – Slip & Duck: Octavio shows how to slip to the left and right in the right lead stance. To slip to the right move your left shoulder into your center-line. To slip to the left move your right shoulder into your center-line. Make sure you are balanced. There is a lot of pivoting that happens in the feet and torso as well as your shoulders. There is a little bit of dropping your weight in your slips. To duck, tuck your chin in and drop your weight by using a squatting action. Practice the duck by immediately coming right back up. You can practice by yourself in a mirror by doing combos of slipping and ducking (i.e. duck, right slip, and left slip; or left slip, right slip, and duck). You can practice with a partner by slipping to the outside of punches and ducking by dropping your weight.
  4. ABD – Bob & Weave: Similar to slipping. In a right lead stance, slip to the right, then dip down to use a “U” shape to come back to the center (left moving direction). This movement allows for counter-striking. To practice with a partner, you can practice your right bob & weave by standing in your right lead. Have your partner do the same. As your partner helps you throw exaggerated right hooks, you can do right bob & weaves. These ABD series builds movements that you can add your your shadow boxing arsenal. Good to tighten up your guard by your hands close to your face when you are not extending out. These ABD series are designed for close-quarter combat.
  5. Uppercut Mechanics: Good to use if your opponent buckles and bends forward. Effective tool to enter up the center. Practice: Slip & dip, rise up & uppercut. Detail: you can use your ankle extention to get more out of your strike.
  6. Training the Uppercut: Practice the dip & rise.
  7. Weave & Hook: Practice: Dip & fire. Keep your hands close to your face.
  8. Weave & Hook 2: Partner drill: Mitt-holder feeds hooks while the partner bob & weaves and fires a hook.
  9. Retreat Attack: The Retreat Hook can be applied when the opponent is giving you a lot of forward pressure (maybe in a clinch or what ever), which you can give them a false impression of retreat when you are setting up a trap to expose them for a hook. The drill: fire a cross, step back and lead-hook. Partner mitt drill: Cross, partner takes a step in as you step back and lead-hook.
  10. The Blast 2: You can execute the blast in a zig-zag motion, so that you can change angles. The execution isn’t that clear to me.
  11. Bag Training – Power Punching: Two punch combos: 1. Cross & Lead 2. Lead & Cross. Stop bag from swinging after each combo.
  12. Bag Training – Direct Kicking: For the straight kick, if the bottom of the bag isn’t ideal to kick you can modify the kick to a push kick by striking with the balls of the feet. You can also fire the straight kick with the rear leg.
  13. Bag Training – Hand & Foot: Combo: 1. Straight rear kick (drops and becomes the lead, and Cross 2. Straight lead kick & Cross. Be sure to time it so that your cross is landing when the bag swings back or you increase the risk of wrist injury.
  14. Bag Training – Side Kick: Octavio discusses modalities of kicking different types of swinging bags and standing bases.
  15. Timing – The First Tool: Timing and rapid change of motion/direction. Footwork drill: In a right lead, step and shift to the right (like a right slip), the moment your right foot touches the ground explosively launch off your right foot and shift to your left. Your stance changes leads when you shift to your left, and your legs are poised as if you are firing a right cross or hook. Push and explode off your right leg.

Section 2

  1. The Oblique Kick: A low-line attack. Works best from a standing neutral position and slightly bladed to a close encounter with an opponent. This makes the kick a stealthy attack. The toes are slightly pointed out on the kicking leg to create more kicking surface to catch the opponent’s legs. You can drop the same side of the arm to increase more power. As drill, kick with the rear leg, drop the foot in front and switch stance. Tip: dropping the same hand as the kicking foot increases the power of the strike.
  2. The Oblique Kick 2: Distance & Timing is key, but also hard to master. This is a partnered drill. You can use your partner to come to you, or you can take a step to get into range to deliver the kick. For this drill have your partner stand still while you find your distance and deliver the kick. Be mindful of recovery.
  3. Oblique Kick Recovery: In this partnered drill we begin to refine our distance & timing by letting the target come to you.
  4. Front Oblique Kick: Bring your rear leg to “replace” your lead leg (or pendulum), and shift your weight onto it. Raise your lead leg, stomp and lean back. Make sure your standing leg is bent. Very similar to a straight kick, except the toes are slightly pointed out. Tip: dropping the same hand as the kicking foot increases the power of the strike.
  5. Front Oblique Kick 2: Use your lead leg to kick. You can use the forward intention of the opponent to your advantage by angling. Example: In a right lead stance, you can side step left with your left leg giving you an angle to execute a front oblique kick with your right that strikes your opponent’s knee at an angle that could buckle them to the floor. Drills are done without the angle to start with. In partnered drills, have them move forward to you, then intercept them with the kick. The progression is to use the angle when your partner steps forward to you.
  6. The Stop Kick 2: Assailants will often step forward to attack you if they are not close enough. We can counter these kinds of attacks with several tools: oblique kicks (front & back) and the grounded sidekick. The Stop Kick 2 App.: This is a two person drill. Your partner comes at you with a cross. As soon as your partner advances, close the distance by “replacing” with your rear leg and fire with your lead to stop the attack.
  7. Insight: It is good to be able to close at long distances, but it is more realistic to keep your body tight and compact, so you can fire at mid-range where you can intercept a leg with your kick as the aggressor comes in at you. You can also fill the gap with a kick to move in with your fists. This is the optimal range where you will have an advantage.
  8. Obstruct Review + Bag Work: As the opponent tries to fire a kick, you can intercept it with a stop kick: lean back and raise your straight leg. This seems very difficult, it may just be better to just go for the supporting leg instead. At any rate the application does not require any force, the opponent sends his energy into your foot and travels into the ground from your foot. If you find yourself bouncing off, it means your are not grounded enough in your supporting leg, which means you need to externally rotate your foot out, bend your knee, and sink your weight. The progression is stomping into the opponent’s attempted kick at you.
  9. Low Line Attacks 1: You can drill different combinations of your stop kicks: front oblique, obstruct (looks like the side kick), and rear oblique. With a partner feeding you kicks, you will learn when to apply these kicks at different ranges.
  10. The Inverted Kick: Launches off to the side, opening your hips up, and strikes with the in-step of your kicking foot. Very similar to the straight-kick. Like the straight-kick, it is best served to the groin of your opponent, but can also be delivered to the head. The kick offers a change of angle to deliver a groin-shot to someone who is protected by the knee–a hook-kick could be a quick solution if in the correct stance, if not, the inverted kick is the best solution. You can practice in a standing position, in the on-guard stance, and in the on-guard stance using the “replace” footwork.
  11. Inverted Kick Attack: Best to hit the inside of the leg and make the knee buckle outside from his or her center by striking the knee. Striking the outside of the leg won’t yield a good return on investment. The drill: fire an inverted-kick to the skin guard (knee if safely able to) using a foot “replace” if you are out of range, then use an oblique-kick to the same leg. See how the leg buckles.
  12. Bag Work – Step Heel Kick: This drill is a full-body workout. It is very explosive as it increases rapid change in movement, because you have to turn and change before impact. Launch at a distance to learn how to close a huge gap. Push shuffle, “replace” rear foot behind & and in front of the lead (back-cross step), turn and fire the back-kick. Try to keep the knee pointed down.
  13. Bag Work – Backfist Entry: Fire from the on-guard position–do not telegraph and wind-up. Drop your body weight into the strike as you torque through the waist. Practice this drill at very short range. Start from a static fixed on-guard position, with the bag slightly outside from your stance (off to the corner of your eye, then explode into the bag. Be sure to focus on the recovery after the impact. The progression is to add a cross punch after the backfist. You can play with high backfists and low backfists. It would be interesting to use open hand techniques from Wing Chun.
  14. Interval Training: Using combinations (straight-lead, cross, and hook) we explore the beats in time: 1 – 2,3 | 1, 2 – 3 | 1 – 2 – 3. I need to remember to keep a tighter hook by keeping my elbow closer to my ribs–almost like the “cutting” technique he taught me a while ago.
  15. Rebound & Accelerate: This lesson uses the kicking combination of the straight-kick and the inverted-kick to accelerate between the two strikes. I believe this “rebound” that Octavio is referring to means that he is using the momentum of his straight-kick as he recovers by pushing off the ground to deliver the next kick. In other words, after he strikes with his straight-kick, he drops his foot, then pushes off the ground to deliver the inverted-kick.

Section 3

  1. Push Strike Hitting: In this lesson we drill the ability to move with the jab. Using the “push-shuffle” we can use the weight of the body behind the straight-lead. You can fire three forward jabs, then three retreating jabs. Be mindful of the coordination of your feet and hands. It is like they move and strike together.
  2. Repost 2 Focus Mitts: Mitt drill: Mitt holder holds up lead mitt for either continuous lead-jab or move the mitt forward to signal the striker to back off. Drop the lead mitt as you fire a simulated hit with the other mitt, which the striker should parry with the rear hand and follow up with a lead strike. This is a low speed / intensity drill.
  3. Gap Closer Training: Gap closing combos: 1) Straight-kick & Straight-lead, 2) Straight-kick & Cross, 3) Straight-kick & Back-fist, 4) Straight-kick & Hook, and 5) Straight-kick & Advance Hook. These are good to train with a partner and mitts. JKD: Combo: Straight-kick & Hands
  4. Curve Line Hook: Tight hook VS Long hook. Drill (w/ mitts or slow sparr) Mitt holder fires a cross, striker responds with an outside hook with a “spin-out” (stepping pivot with both low & high). A tight hook is useful because it is faster when the opponent is in close. It also helps secure that line for anything the opponent might deliver from that position.
  5. Close / Backfist: Launch a lead hook kick, and quickly follow up with a backfist. There is a paradox in the arching in the kick that powers the counter-arch in the punch.
  6. Hit To Recover: This combo focuses on learning 1. Hip Rotation, 2. Recover Offensively, & 3. Beats in Time. JKD: Combo: Hook-Kick, Back-Fist, & Cross
  7. Spring Forward: This combo focuses on 1. Pendulum, 2. Straight-Kick, & 3. Gap Closer. Use this combo to fill a void to close the distance on a retreating opponent. JKD: Combo: Lead Straight Punch & Straight-Kick
  8. Reverse Attack: This is a two hit combo that focuses on hip rotation and counter rotation. JKD: Combo: Back-fist & Lead Hook-Kick
  9. The Elbow: The key to this pad drill is sinking and hip rotation. This elbow technique is a horizontal movement that rotates internally.
  10. Advanced Elbows: This combo mitt drill focuses on the moves described in the last lesson.
  11. The Knee: Rear knee: Use your hips and you can also use your hands to bring the target into the knee. Lead knee: Pendulum into object, in other words, drop your weight into your knee like you would in a straight-kick.
  12. The Blast w/knee: This combo starts with a knee and ends with straight-blast punches. On pads you can zig-zag the striking-mitt to add more complexity.
  13. Repost II w/kick: This module explores SAQ type training with focus mitt communication. Assume we use the right-side lead stance. The mitt partner feeds their left mitt that communicates for your lead straight-punch. The mitt partner can call for that as many times as wanted. The 2nd call for action is a right straight punch that elicits your left-handed parry. The mitt-holder can follow up with another lead straight-punch, or call for a straight-kick.
  14. Target Training: Octavio goes over the list of hand striking tools and how to communicate them with the mitts.
  15. Evaluation: Target Training 2: Octavio goes over foot strikes and how to communicate them with the mitts, and lastly how to put together both hand and feet with the mitts for SAQ training.

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Level 3

Level 3 is still in production, but from what I can tell, I believe energy drills will be introduced.